Java Foundations 

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What Is Java?

• Describe the features of Java
• Describe the real-world applications of Java

Java Basics

• Describe the Java Development Kit (JDK) and the Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
• Describe the components of object-oriented programming
• Describe the components of a basic Java program
• Compile and execute a Java program

Basic Java Elements

• Identify the conventions to be followed in a Java program
• Use Java reserved words
• Use single-line and multi-line comments in Java programs
• Import other Java packages to make them accessible in your code
• Describe the java.lang package

Working with Java Data Types

• Declare and initialize variables including a  variable using final
• Cast a value from one data type to another including automatic and manual promotion
• Declare and initialize a String variable

Working with Java Operator

• Use basic arithmetic operators to manipulate data including +, -, *, /, and %
• Use the increment and decrement operators
• Use relational operators including ==, !=, >, >=, <, and <=
• Use arithmetic assignment operators
• Use conditional operators including &&, ||, and ?
• Describe the operator precedence and use of parenthesis

Working with the String Class

• Develop code that uses methods from the String class
• Format Strings using escape sequences including %d, %n, and %s

Working with the Random and Math Classes

• Use the Random class
• Use the Math class

Using Decision Statements

• Use the decision making statement  (if-then and if-then-else)
• Use the switch statement
• Compare how == differs between primitives and objects
• Compare two String objects by using the compareTo and equals methods

Using Looping Statements

• Describe looping statements
• Use a for loop including an enhanced for loop
• Use a while loop
• Use a do- while loop
• Compare and contrast the for, while, and do-while loops
• Develop code that uses break and continue statements

Debugging and Exception Handling

• Identify syntax and logic errors
• Use exception handling
• Handle common exceptions thrown
• Use try and catch blocks

Arrays and ArrayLists 

• Use a one-dimensional array
• Create and manipulate an ArrayList
• Traverse the elements of an ArrayList by using iterators and loops including the enhanced for loop
• Compare an array and an ArrayList

Classes and Constructors

• Create a new class including a main method
• Use the private modifier
• Describe the relationship between an object and its members
• Describe the difference between a class variable, an instance variable, and a local variable
• Develop code that creates an object's default constructor and modifies the object's fields
• Use constructors with and without parameters
• Develop code that overloads constructors

Java Methods

• Describe and create a method
• Create and use accessor and mutator methods
• Create overloaded methods
• Describe a static method and demonstrate its use within a program